Spatial and temporal variations of suspended solid concentrations from 2000 to 2013 in Poyang Lake,China     

Juanle Wang  Eryang Chen  Ge Li  Lu Zhang  Xiaoming Cao  Yongjie Zhang  Yujie Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(16):590

Concentrations of suspended solids in lakes can affect the latter’s primary productivity and reflect changes in sediment deposition. Determining the temporal and spatial distribution of suspended solid concentrations has important significance in lake water environmental management; this is particularly urgent for Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. In this study, suspended solid concentration inversion models for Poyang Lake were created using a semi-empirical method with regression analysis between continuously measured suspended solid concentration data and multi-band moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer images for spring, summer, autumn, and winter from 2009 to 2012. The coefficient of determination (R²) is from 0.6 to 0.9 and the average relative error for the accuracy verification was between 10 and 30%. The seasonal distributions of suspended solid concentrations in Poyang Lake from 2000 to 2013 were then obtained using optimal reversal models. The results showed that the seasonal variation in suspended solid concentrations had a “W” shape in which high spring and autumn and low summer and winter values. The suspended solid concentrations increased annually from 2000 to 2013 and were mainly distributed in the northern and central portions of the lake, with lower values along the shorelines. Further analysis indicated that the large difference in water level between the wet and dry seasons is an important factor in explaining these seasonal variations. Moreover, the suspended solid concentrations were poorly correlated with water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration but more highly correlated with the deferred chlorophyll-a concentration.  相似文献   

Correlation analysis between drought indices and terrestrial water storage from 2002 to 2015 in China     

Yajie Zhang  Yao Li  Jing Ge  Gaopeng Li  Zhisheng Yu  Haishan Niu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(12):462

Drought monitoring is a key topic in environmental monitoring and assessment although there is still a need to determine the correlation between drought monitoring indices and remote sensing products. We analyzed the correlation between the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc_PDSI), the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and terrestrial water storage monitored through the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) on a monthly timescale from 2002 to 2015 in China. As a consequence of anomalies in the soil water budget, the highly significant correlation between the sc_PDSI and the GRACE satellite-observed terrestrial water storage suggested that these two datasets are the most suitable for use in monitoring droughts. In comparing the three drought indices, the sc_PDSI was introduced as a means of drought monitoring in the Yangtze, Pearl, Huaihe, Southeast and Songhua River Basins, whereas the SPEI was found to be more applicable to other major river basins, such as the Inland River Basin. These diverse spatial behaviors are caused by the differences between the hydrological droughts characterized by these three drought indices.  相似文献   

The dominant driving force for supercontinent breakup: Plume push or subduction retreat?     

Nan Zhang  Zhuo Dang  Chuan Huang  Zheng-Xiang Li 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):997-1007

Understanding the dominant force responsible for supercontinent breakup is crucial for establishing Earth's geodynamic evolution that includes supercontinent cycles and plate tectonics. Conventionally,two forces have been considered: the push by mantle plumes from the sub-continental mantle which is called the active force for breakup, and the dragging force from oceanic subduction retreat which is called the passive force for breakup. However, the relative importance of these two forces is unclear. Here we model the supercontinent breakup coupled with global mantle convection in order to address this question. Our global model features a spherical harmonic degree-2 structure, which includes a major subduction girdle and two large upwelling(superplume) systems. Based on this global mantle structure,we examine the distribution of extensional stress applied to the supercontinent by both subsupercontinent mantle upwellings and subduction retreat at the supercontinent peripheral. Our results show that:(1) at the center half of the supercontinent, plume push stress is ～3 times larger than the stress induced by subduction retreat;(2) an average hot anomaly of no higher than 50 K beneath the supercontinent can produce a push force strong enough to cause the initialization of supercontinent breakup;(3) the extensional stress induced by subduction retreat concentrates on a ～600 km wide zone on the boundary of the supercontinent, but has far less impact to the interior of the supercontinent. We therefore conclude that although circum-supercontinent subduction retreat assists supercontinent breakup, sub-supercontinent mantle upwelling is the essential force.  相似文献   

Synthesis and characterisation of a multifunctional oil-based drilling fluid additive     

Wu-Juan Sun  Guo-Qing Tian  Hang-Juan Huang  Guo-Min Lu  Cong-Yu Ke  Jun-Feng Hui  Xun-Li Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(24):793

An oil-based drilling fluid additive H-DEA (or humic acid-cocamide diethanolamine) was synthesised using humic acid and cocamide diethanolamine as raw materials. The rheological behaviors of H-DEA showed that the synthesised product has the good properties in both decreasing the filtrate loss and improving rheology property of oil-based drilling fluids compared with other commercially available additives. Under the optimal additive amount of 3%, both API filtrate loss and yield point changed remarkably from 5.40 to 0.41 mL and 9.0 to 25.6 Pa, respectively. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that H-DEA has good thermal stability in a wide temperature range up to 170 °C. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and rheological analysis revealed that the possible mechanism of the multifunctional effects may be attributed to the existing of high density of strong polar groups, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and intermolecular association on H-DEA molecular structure. The results of the study showed that the synthesised H-DEA can be potentially used as a multifunctional oil-based drilling fluid additive in oil-drilling excavation.  相似文献   

Using landscape indicators and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the optimum spatial scale of urban land use patterns in Wuhan,China     

Qiuping Huang  Jiejun Huang  Yunjun Zhan  Wei Cui  Yanbin Yuan 《Earth Science Informatics》2018,11(4):567-578

Quantifying land use patterns and functions is critical for modeling urban ecological processes, and an emerging challenge is to apply models at multiple spatial scales. Methods of determining the optimum scale of land use patterns are commonly considered using landscape metrics. Landscape metrics are quantitative indicators for analyzing landscape heterogeneity at the landscape level. In this study, due to their widespread use in urban landscape analyses and well-documented effectiveness in quantifying landscape patterns, landscape metrics that represent dominance, shape, fragmentation and connectivity were selected. Five metrics include Patch Density, Contagion, Landscape Shape Index, Aggregation Index and Connectivity. Despite a wide application of landscape metrics for land use studies, the majority mainly focuses on the qualitative analysis of the characteristics of landscape metrics. The previous models are limited in exploring the optimum scale of land use patterns for their lack of quantitation. Therefore, taking the City of Wuhan as an example, the land use unit was treated as a patch, and the landscape pattern metrics at different spatial scales were calculated and compared so as to find the optimum one. Furthermore, a mathematical model of landscape metrics was proposed to quantify the scale effect of urban land use patterns, generating a complementary tool to select the optimum scale. In addition, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was introduced to determine the respective weights of the chosen landscape metrics in this model. Fractal dimension was ultimately applied to verify the chosen optimum scale of our study region. The results indicated that 60 m is confirmed to be the optimum scale for capturing the spatial variability of land use patterns in this study area.  相似文献   

基于北斗的自动气象站报文传输方案设计     

王明辉  雷卫延  黄海王莹  黄飞龙 《气象科技》2019,47(6):900-904

针对北斗卫星下行通信受4G和WIFI信号带内干扰导致传输成功率低的情况,设计了基于增加传输次数来降低误码率的自动气象站报文北斗传输方案。首次提出并建成用于传输自动气象站报文的双北斗指挥机用户群,根据北斗用户机的传输能力设计专用的气象报文编码格式,利用冗余频度开展报文重发,实现单个时次报文的4次重复接收,稳定地保证了较高的传输成功率。方案同时实现了观测报文1min内到达预报员桌面,在稳定性和时效性上均取得了突破。  相似文献   

两次强降水过程雨滴谱特征及差异     

李侠丽  潘先洁  童应祥  倪婷  黄国贵  李景安  陶杰  姚祎  凌新锋 《气象科技》2019,47(2):322-328

利用寿县观测站内的Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪结合观测站雨量数据及雷达基数据,分析了发生在2015年6月26—30日梅雨期间和2015年8月7—10日超强台风"苏迪罗"影响期间2次强降水过程的雨滴谱结构特征及其差异,拟合了雨强与雷达反射率因子之间的关系。结果表明:雨强的大小直接影响雨滴谱的特征参量,且随着雨强增大而增大;梅雨锋暴雨中1.0mm直径≤1.5mm的粒子所占比例最多,雨强贡献率最大;台风雨中0.75mm直径≤1.0mm的粒子所占比例最多,但1.0mm直径≤1.25mm的粒子对雨强的贡献最大,说明较大粒子对强降水的贡献较大。  相似文献   

单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场方法分析     

常亚楠  戴建华  黄兴友  郑石 《气象科技》2019,47(5):719-730

由于单雷达在探测台风临近、登陆时仍具有双部或多部雷达难以具备的优势,目前利用单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场的方法并不多见,本文对能够反演涡旋风场的3种方法NIVAP(自然坐标系的积分VAP方法)、EVAPTC(反演热带气旋的EVAP方法)、GBVTD(地基速度追踪法)进行了比较,分别从每种方法的假设条件和数学方法以及结果精度来比较3种方法对涡旋风场的适用性。利用中尺度气旋Rankine模式模拟了纯涡旋性气旋、只有环境风场时、环境风场和辐合(辐散)同时存在时的径向速度场及风场,比较了各种情况下的反演风场和模拟风场的相似系数。在对模拟风场比较之后,选取了2014年"威马逊"台风登陆前1h、登陆时及登陆后1h的3个实测雷达资料,对比分析了3种方法反演实测资料的风场特征,3种方法中EVAPTC方法最好,GBVTD方法在应用中有一定的限制,NIVAP方法较差。  相似文献   

Hadoop环境下基于SparkSQL海量自动站数据查询统计初探     

黄志  詹利群  任晓炜  李涛 《气象科技》2019,47(5):768-772

在Hadoop分布式计算和存储架构下,自定义ETL数据清洗规则将海量自动站小时单站文件按所属年和站号合并为大文件流转存储至HDFS中,并运用SparkSQL并行计算框架进行统计处理生成常用气象要素日统计值。结果表明,数据处理和获取时效较关系型数据库方式有显著提升。采用SparkSQL并行计算框架对多气象要素多站点和长时间序列进行数据统计处理查询均能达到秒级别响应,并随着统计站点数的不断增加和时间跨度的延长其优势更为明显,能更高效地支撑此类气象数据服务,为海量气象数据处理从关系型数据库到大数据分布式架构的转换处理提供了新思路。  相似文献   

陕西关中两次霾重污染过程气象条件分析     

黄少妮  孟金平  杜莉丽  刘慧 《气象科技》2019,47(5):809-817

应用常规观测资料、污染物浓度资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料从环流形势、边界层特征和扩散条件等方面对2013年和2016年两次持续性霾重污染过程进行对比分析。结果表明:①2013年过程和2016年过程在500hPa高空上分别为阻塞环流型和纬向环流型,关中地区受偏西气流影响、地面气压场较弱、大气层结均比较稳定;②2013年过程西安贴地逆温层顶高度低、相对湿度大、气温低、不利于大气垂直湍流交换,污染物容易堆积,这也是2013年过程比2016年过程重污染持续时间长、污染浓度高的原因之一;③两次过程西安平均风速均小于2m/s,具有显著的低风速特征,且东北风为其主导风向。持续东北风引起上游污染传输和低风速导致的本地污染累积是造成2013年过程污染浓度更高的重要因素;④2013年过程结束是受强冷空气影响,来自高空的干洁大气下沉到地面,置换了边界层的污染空气,使空气质量得到根本改善;而2016年过程是受高原槽东移影响,雨雪天气的沉降作用使得霾消散。  相似文献